About first element:- Hydrogen, properties, discovery, occurence, manufacture and uses, National hydrogen energy mission, Grey hydrogen, Blue hydrogen, Green hydrogen

 Properties, discovery,

 occurence, impurities,

 manufacture and uses

National hydrogen energy mission

• Symbol of hydrogen is (H) and exist in molecular form (H2) 

• Atomic number, atomic mass and valency is 1.

Hydrogen is a colourless, odourless, tasteless and non- toxic nature. Kiii

Discovery of Hydrogen

Hydrogen is discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1776 as an inflammable gas. Later by Lavoisier this gas named is hydrogen. 

Meaning of hydrogen( Greek word) is water producer. 

Occurence 

Hydrogen is found in free state( eg. Sun, stars) and combined state( Hcl, H2o) 

Impurities present in Hydrogen

1. Hydrogen sulphide (H2s) 
2. Sulphur dioxide (Co2) 
3. Oxides of nitrogen 
4. Phosphine (PH3) 
5. Arsine (AsH3) 
6. Carbon dioxide
7. Water vapour

Impurities can be removed from hydrogen by passing it through

 

And reaction is 👇👇👇

Manufacture of hydrogen 

Bosch's process

Manufacture of hydrogen by electrolysis

Uses  of hydrogen:- 

• As a fuel
• Oxy- hydrogen torch
• Atomic hydrogen torch
• In self lighting gas jets and automatic lighters
• For hydrogenation of vegetables oil
• For producing artificial petrol from coal
• In extraction of metals
• In meteorological balloons to study weather conditions 

National hydrogen energy mission (NHM)        or

National hydrogen mission

The Union budget for 2021-22 has announced a National Hydrogen Energy Mission (NHM) that will draw up a road map for using hydrogen as an energy source.The initiative has the potential of transforming transportation.

About the national hydrogen energy mission (NHM) 

Focus on generation of hydrogen from green power resources.

• To link India’s growing renewable capacity with the hydrogen economy.

• India's ambitious goal of 175 GW by 2022 got an impetus in the 2021-22 budget which allocated Rs. 1500 crore for renewable energy development and NHM.

The usage of hydrogen will not only help India in achieving its emission goals under the Paris Agreement, but will also reduce import dependency on fossil fuels.

• Type of Hydrogen:
  
  • Grey Hydrogen:
    
    • Constitutes India’s bulk Production.
    • Extracted from hydrocarbons (fossil fuels, natural gas).
    • By product: CO2
  • Blue Hydrogen:
    
    • Sourced from fossil fuels.
    • By product: CO, CO2
    • By products are Captured and Stored, so better than gey hydrogen.
  • Green Hydrogen:
    
    • Generated from renewable energy (like Solar, Wind).
    • Electricity splits water into hydrogen and oxygen.

By Products : Water, Water Vapour

• Indian Context:
  
  • India has a huge edge in green hydrogen production owing to its favorable geographic conditions and presence of abundant natural elements.
  • The government has given impetus in scaling up the gas pipeline infrastructure across the length and breadth of the country, and has introduced reforms for the power grid, including the introduction of smart grids. Such steps are being taken to effectively integrate renewable energy in the present energy mix.

Capacity addition to renewable power generation, storage and transmission, producing green hydrogen in India can become cost effective which will not only guarantee energy security, but also ensure self-sufficiency gradually.

• Policy Challenges :
  
  • One of the biggest challenges faced by the industry for using hydrogen commercially is the economic sustainability of extracting green or blue hydrogen.
    
    • The technology used in production and use of hydrogen like Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and hydrogen fuel cell technology are at nascent stage and are expensive which in turn increases the cost of production of hydrogen.
  • Maintenance costs for fuel cells post-completion of a plant can be costly.
  • The commercial usage of hydrogen as a fuel and in industries requires mammoth investment in R&D of such technology and infrastructure for production, storage, transportation and demand creation for hydrogen.

Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How Indian How